Vaccination in India over the world and related activities

 

substitute to oxygen cylinder : Oxygen concentrator

 

Oxygen concentrator

Oxygen concentrators are one of the substitute to the Gas cylinder.  Oxygen concentrators are devices that helps concentrate oxygen from the ambient air by removing nitrogen and delivering pure oxygen to individuals, whose blood oxygen levels (SpO2) readings drop less than 93%.  

When blood saturation levels drop below 94%, it could be a sign of respiratory distress. Usually this merits hospitalisation, but due to the surge in COVID-19 cases and oxygen beds in short supply, the device could help those whose saturation levels range between 88% to 92%.

A concentrator consists of a compressor and sieve bed filter. The former squeezes atmospheric air and also adjusts the pressure at which is delivered. The sieve bed is made of a material called Zeolite that separates the nitrogen.

For COVID-19 patients, a device with a 5L-10L output is recommended. What’s important though is that it delivers air that contains at least 90% pure oxygen. The cost of these devices can range from ₹30,000 to ₹99,000. There are also pulse and continuous flow concentrators where the latter delivers oxygen at a constant rate and the other uses a sensor to deliver a puff of oxygen when a user is about to inhale.   OxLife Independence, Drive Medical DeVilbiss , nvacare Platinum etc., are called the best concentrator in India.

Blood oxygen level: SpO2 levels anything between 94 to 100 is considered healthy

 

Blood oxygen level:  SpO2 levels anything between 94 to 100 is considered healthy

Blood oxygen level (SpO2 levels) anything between 94 to 100 is considered healthy.   Feeling breathless with COVID-19 usually means the lungs are infected.  Lung infection due to Covid19 can cause a serious impact on multiple organs of the body. If the coronavirus has caused pneumonia, then depending on how serious it is the lungs may struggle to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream.  If lungs are struggling to get sufficient oxygen, then Oxygen ventilator bed is become crucial, to arrange Osp2 externally.  This is a problem because oxygen is an essential nutrient for every organ in the body. 

Oxygen levels below the normal values or Hypoxemia, may be caused by not enough oxygen in the air.   It is called to be inability of the lungs to inhale and send oxygen to all cells and tissues. Lung infection due to Covid19 means, it is not properly function.  It is called to be inability of the bloodstream to circulate to the lungs, collect oxygen, and transport it around the body.    The recommended oxygen target saturation range in patients at risk of type II respiratory failure is 88–92%.

This is the most common type of Hypoxemia. Ventilation refers to the oxygen supply in the lungs, while perfusion refers to the blood supply to the lungs.  Hypoxemia, may be caused by not enough oxygen in the air.  This is a problem because oxygen is an essential nutrient for every organ in the body. 

Ventilation and perfusion are measured in a ratio, called V/Q ratio. Normally, there’s a small degree of mismatch in this ratio, however if the mismatch becomes too great, problems can occur in the organ of the body.

There are two causes of ventilation perfusion mismatch:

1.   The lungs are getting enough oxygen, but there’s not enough blood flow.

2.   There is blood flow to the lungs, but not enough oxygen .

In order to diagnose hypoxemia, our doctor will perform a physical examination during which they will check your heart rate and functioning of lungs. They may also check the colour of your skin, eyes, finger nails.  There are some additional tests that they can perform to assess your oxygen levels and breathing. These can include:

a)   Pulse oximetry, which uses a sensor placed on your finger to measure blood oxygen levels.

b)  Arterial blood gas test, which uses a needle to draw a blood sample from an artery to measure blood oxygen levels.

c)  Breathing tests, which may evaluate your breathing through a machine or by breathing into a tube.

Since hypoxemia involves low blood oxygen levels, the aim of treatment is to try to raise blood oxygen levels back to normal.  Blood oxygen level (SpO2 levels) anything between 94 to 100 is considered healthy and normal.  

Oxygen therapy can be utilized to treat hypoxemia. This may involve using an oxygen mask or a small tube clipped to your nose to receive supplemental oxygen. 

Damage can occur to vital organs such as the heart and brain

In the absence of enough oxygen in the blood, damage can occur to vital body organs such as the heart and brain or it may cause severe heart attack, if enough oxygen in the blood is not provided from lungs.

Conclusion :

Your blood oxygen level is a measure of how much oxygen your red blood cells are carrying. If oxygen of red blood cells are carrying less than the normal range, then Oxygen cylinder is connected to save further organ damage.   Your body closely regulates your blood oxygen level through automatic function.  Maintaining the precise balance of oxygen-saturated blood is vital to your health.

Most of the adults don’t need to monitor their blood oxygen level.  If patient is shifted to ICU, then doctor checks blood oxygen level through a monitor connected continuously to the fingure.  In fact, many doctors won’t check it unless you’re showing signs of a problem, like shortness of breath or chest pain.  However, people with chronic health conditions many need to monitor their blood oxygen level.

A pulse oximeter is an external electronic device that estimates the amount of oxygen in your blood.   It does so by sending infrared light into capillaries in your finger, toe, or earlobe. Then it measures how much light is reflected off the gases.  A reading indicates what percentage of your blood is saturated as the SpO2 level. That means the reading may be as much as 2 percent higher or lower than your actual blood oxygen level.

This test may be slightly less accurate, but it’s very easy for doctors to perform.  So doctors rely on it for fast diagnosis.

lying face-down in ‘prone position’ improve oxygen levels, when patient is Covid19 positive.   This position helps in improving oxygen flow in patients who are critical, in turn ensuring that they are less likely to require ventilator oxygen support, and damage of lungs.